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An examination of the role of inter-professional practice in Essay

An assessment of the job of between proficient practice in contemporary social work - Essay Example al., 2011). A viable between proficient synergistic practice in medicinal services framework in social work by and large happens when wellbeing laborers, having a place with various expert foundations, work cooperatively with the families, patients just as the networks to offer better quality consideration than the patients (Collin and et. al., n.d.). There are sure basic features of a compelling between proficient cooperation or communitarian practice that incorporate open correspondence, fairness of accessible assets and the means of self-rule where a poor type of between proficient shared practice can force unfriendly effects upon the nature of care rendered to the patients through social work (Royal College of Nursing, 2007). One of the significant abilities required in between proficient synergistic practice to improve the quality consideration for the patients is Inter-Professional Education (IPE). IPE is ordinarily portrayed as the understudies or the individuals drew in with a few callings, either connected with social or human services foundations. This specific between proficient collective practice encourages viable joint effort among the wellbeing laborers and upgrades wellbeing results through their mutual data or aptitudes (AAMC, 2011). It has been clearly seen in this setting IPE offers an ability to share powerful aptitudes just as unique information between various experts and encourages better comprehension in regards to shared qualities. It additionally upgrades regard in the midst of various professionals’ as far as obligations related with human services (Bridges and et. al., 2011). A viable between proficient community oriented practice is regularly viewed as one of the essential constituents of a superior social work practice. In this specific circumstance, it tends to be expressed that the social or human services laborers ought to stay a lot of positive about

Forrest Gump Chapter Seven Free Essays

string(31) But they is laws nonetheless. Part Seven I was at the emergency clinic at Danang for the greater part of two months. So far as an emergency clinic went, it were not a lot, however we slep on bunks with mosquito nets, a they was wooden board floors that was swep clean two times every day, which was beyond what you can say for the sort of livin I’d became accustomed to. They was a few people hurt far most exceedingly awful than I was in that medical clinic, brace yourself for what I'm about to tell you. We will compose a custom article test on Forrest Gump Chapter Seven or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Po ole young men with arms a legs a feet a hans a who recognizes what else missin. Young men what had been shot in they tolerates a chests a countenances. Around evening time the spot sound like a dungeon †them fellers be howlin and cryin a callin for they mothers. They was a person nex to my bed name of Dan, who had been blowed up inside a tank. He was completely singed a had tubes goin in an out of him everplace, yet I never heard him holler. He talk genuine low a tranquil, a following a day or somewhere in the vicinity, him a me got the chance to be companions. Dan originate from the province of Connecticut, a he were an educator of history when they grapped him up a thowed him into the Army. In any case, cause he was brilliant, they sent him to official school a made him a lieutenant. The greater part of the lieutenants I knowed was session as moronic as me, yet Dan were extraordinary. He have his own way of thinking session why we was there, which was that we was doin perhaps an inappropriate thing for the correct reasons, or visa-versa, yet whatever it is, we ain’t doin it right. Him bein a tank official an all, he state it rediculous for us to be wagin a war in a spot where we can’t barely utilize our tanks by virtue of the land is for the most part marsh or mountains. I tole him session Bubba an each of the, a he gesture his head tragically a state they will be much more Bubbas to kick the bucket in advance of this thing is finished. After session a week or something like that, they move me to another piece of the emergency clinic where everbody be put so’s they can recover, yet ever day I returned to the tensive consideration ward a set for a wile with Dan. Once in a while I played him a tune on my harmonica, which he like without a doubt. My mother had sent me a bundle of Hershey bars which at long last make up for lost time to me at the clinic an I needed to impart them to Dan, cept he can’t eat nothin yet what goin into him through the cylinders. I feel that settin there talkin to Dan was a thing that had an incredible impact on my life. I realize that bein a bonehead an all, I ain’t sposed to have no way of thinking of my own, yet perhaps it’s in light of the fact that no one never set aside the effort to converse with me session it. It were Dan’s theory that everythin that transpire, or so far as that is concerned, to anythin anyplace, is constrained by regular laws that administer the universe. His perspectives regarding the matter was amazingly muddled, yet the significance of what he state started to change my entire point of view toward things. All my own life, I ain’t comprehended poo about what was goin on. A thing jus occur, at that point somethin else occur, at that point somethin else, a so on, a haf the time nothin makin any sense. However, Dan state it is all piece of a plan or the like, a the most ideal way we can get along is figger out how we fits into the plan, an at that point attempt to adhere to our place. By one way or another knowin this, things get a decent piece more clear for me. In any case, I’s gettin much better in the following weeks, a my rear end mend up genuine decent. Specialist state I got a conceal like a â€Å"rhinoceros† or somethin. They got a rec room at the clinic a since they wadn’t much else to do, I meandered over yonder one day a they was two or three folks playin ping-pong. After a wile, I hacked out in the event that I could play, a they let me. I lost the main couple of focuses, however after a wile, I beat both them fellers. â€Å"You shore is brisk for such a major guy,† one of them state. I jus gesture. I attempted to play some ever day a got very great, in all honesty. In the evenings I’d go see Dan, yet in the mornins I was all alone. They let me leave the emergency clinic on the off chance that I needed, a they was a transport what took fellers like me into the town so’s we could walk aroun a get a portion of the poo they sold in the gook shops in Danang. In any case, I don’t need any of that, so I jus walk aroun, taking in the sights. They is a little market somewhere near the waterfront where people sells fish a srimp a stuff, a one day I went down there a got me some srimp a one of the cooks at the medical clinic bubble em for me a they sure was acceptable. I wished ole Dan could of ate a few. He state perhaps in the event that I squash em up they could put em down his cylinder. He state he going to chop out the medical caretaker about it, however I know he jus kiddin. That night I be lyin on my bed thinkin of Bubba a the amount he may of loved them srimp as well, an about our srimp vessel an all. Po ole Bubba. So the following day I cut out Dan how could it be that Bubba can get kilt, a what sort of haf-assed nature law would permit that. He think session it for a wile, a state, â€Å"Well, I’ll let you know, Forrest, these laws are not uncommonly satisfying to us. Be that as it may, they is laws in any case. You read Forrest Gump Chapter Seven in classification Paper models Like when a tiger jump on a monkey in the wilderness †terrible for the monkey, however useful for the tiger. That is jus the way it is.† Couple of days after the fact I gone on back to the fish showcase a they is a little gook sellin a major sack of srimp there. I cut out him where he got them srimp, a he start jabberin away at me, check of he don’t understan English. Anyway, I make communication via gestures like an Indian or somethin, an after a wile he get on, a movement for me to tail him. I be somewhat leary from the start, yet he smilin an each of the, a so’s I do. We should of strolled a mile or thereabouts, past all the pontoons on the sea shore an everthin, yet he don’t take me to a vessel. It is a little spot in a bog by the water, sort of a lake or somethin, a he got wire nets set down where the water from the China Sea come in at elevated tide. That sumbitch be growin srimp in there! He took a little net a gather up some water a definite enough, ten or twelve srimp in it. He give me some in a little sack, an I give him a Hershey bar. He so glad he could poop. That night they is a film outside close to Field Force Headquarters an I go on over yonder, cep’n a few fellers in the first column start an extraordinary enormous battle about somethin a someone get hissef hurled through the screen a that be the finish of the film. So a short time later, I be layin on my bed, thinkin, an unexpectedly it come to me. I recognize what I gotta do when they let me out of the Army! I goin home a discover me a little lake close to the Gulf a raise me some srimp! So perhaps I can’t get me a srimp vessel now that Bubba is gone, however I sure can go up in one of them bogs a get me some wire nets a that’s what I’ll do. Bubba would of like that. Ever day for the following not many weeks I go down in the mornin to where the little gook is growin his srimp. Mr Chi is his name. I jus set there a watched him an after a wile he gave me how he was doin it. He’d catched some infant srimps aroun the bogs in a little han net, a dump them in his lake. At that point when the tide come in he thowed a wide range of crap in there †scraps and stuff, which cause little teensey disgusting things to grow a the srimps eat them a get enormous a fat. It was so basic even a dolt could do it. A couple of days after the fact some muckity-sludges from Field Force Headquarters approach the emergency clinic all energized a state, â€Å"Private Gump, you is been granted the Congressional Medal of Honor for outrageous bravery, an is bein flown back to the U.S.A. day after tomorrow to be designed by the President of the United States.† Now that was ahead of schedule in the mornin an I had jus been lyin there, thinkin about setting off to the restroom, however here they are, expectin me to state somethin, I surmise, an I’m session to bust my britches. Be that as it may, this time I jus state, â€Å"Thanks,† a keep my enormous mouth shut. Maybe it be in the normal plan of things. At any rate, after they is gone, I go on over to the tensive consideration ward to see Dan, however when I git there, his bed is unfilled, a the sleeping pad all collapsed up a he is no more. I am so sparse somethin has transpire, an I race to fine the methodical, however he ain’t there either. I seen a medical caretaker down the corridor an I chopped out her, â€Å"What happen to Dan,† a she state he â€Å"gone.† An I state, â€Å"Gone where?† a she state, â€Å"I don’t know, it didn’t occur on my shif.† I foun the head nurture a hatchet her, a she state Dan been flown back to America because of they can care more for him there. I chopped out her in the event that he is alright, a she state, â€Å"Yeah, on the off chance that you can call two punctured lungs, a cut off intestin, spinal division, a missing foot, a shortened leg, a severe singeing over haf the body alright, at that point he is jus fine.† I expressed gratitude tow ard her, a went on my way. I didn’t play no ping-pong that evening, cause I was so stressed session Dan. It come to me that possibly he went a passed on, a no one need to say as much, reason for that bidness session advising nex of family first, or somethin. Who knows? However, I am sad, a go wanderin aroun by mysef, kickin rocks a tin jars a poo. At the point when I at long last return to my ward, there is some mail lef on my bed for me that at long last find me here. My mom have sent a letter sayin that our home done burst into flames, an is completely caught fire, a there is no protection or nothin a she is going to need to go to the po house. She state the shoot started when Miss French had washed her feline a was dryin it with a hair dryer, an either the feline or the hair dryer got aflame, a that was that. Starting now and into the foreseeable future, she state, I am to send my letters to her in care of the â€Å"Little Sisters of the Po.† I figger there will be numerous tears in the years to come. They is another letter routed to me which state, â€Å"Dear Mister Gump: You has been decided to win a shiny new Pontiac GTO, if just you will send

Analysing an advertising Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Investigating a promoting - Coursework Example Numerous sponsors utilize the topic to make a striking effect. At the point when utilized adequately, the subject has the capability of partner with the brand in a flash. Subjects may utilize objects, superstars, music and different viewpoints to pass on the focal thought. As clear in the picture above, Coca Cola utilizes protests in an offer to make interest in numerous purchasers. The picture above comprises of a Coke bottle and different hues radiating from the container and inevitably framing a lovely grinning face. This serves to make interest in numerous purchasers who feel convinced to attempt the item and find out whether it can cause such impacts (Cook, 2001). Influence has been characterized as the mediation arrangement of an advert. It includes correspondence of specific qualities that the item being showcased has. These qualities may affect an individual’s individual qualities. Such effects may serve to persuade the person to evaluate the item. In the picture over, the utilization of the terms â€Å"Live† and â€Å"Life† characterize a special component in the advert which makes individuals evaluate the item as it bestows a proportion of significant worth in their lives (Cook, 2001). The Coke advert above utilizations the fleeting trend and sparkling sweeping statements advance. This is on the grounds that the picture speaks to a jug with an eruption of numerous hues and a grinning face consolidated amidst the hues. The way that the container has the words â€Å"Live on the Coke Side of Life† however doesn't give motivation to this decision is a careful utilization of the sparkling all inclusive statements request (Plunkett, 2008). Executional structure signified the particular way wherein an advert presents its allure. On account of the picture over, the executional system is dream. This is on the grounds that it serves to cause a person to fantasize on the extraordinary inspiring coming about because of taking a Coke drink. The slogan in any ad includes a few words which

European Paintings Female Nude Essay Example For Students

European Paintings Female Nude Essay There was something exceptional or strange about them. It could have been for their excellence, power or their economic wellbeing. In todays world, excellence of ladies is appeared in magazines, TV, announcements and inventory promotions. Before all these innovation was developed, the main media excellence could be communicated was through artistic creations, The ladies in these artworks werent simply any ladies strolling down the road. Much the same as what we see today in the media, believe these ladies to be models. They had what was accepted to he the figure of flawlessness; non-abrasiveness, bends and long thick hair. One of the works of art appeared in Ways of Seeing video is a painting by Jean Augusta Ingress called La Grandee Odalisque, This artwork was authorized via Caroline Mural, Queen of Naples in 1814. Magnificence is unmistakably communicated in this artwork. Despite the fact that Ingress perfect of female structure is anatomically unimaginable with the improvement of the excessively long back appearance, her figure is the perfect It is boneless. Her posture and her look have a more profound significance than only an exposed lady gazing at the onlooker. There is nothing sexual about this artistic creation. The way that it was authorized by another lady additionally bolster cap the naked isn't just for male survey joy. Another work of art appeared in the video is by Sir Peter Levy. It was made in 1972. Without knowing its history, numerous individuals would feel that it was painted for a keeps an eye on dream. Numerous individuals likewise feel that the lady speaks to Venus and cupid. The lady in the artwork was in actuality one of the courtesans of King Charles II, Nell Go. Yen with her youngster. The way that the lady is a courtesan off influential man shows that strategic maneuvers a section really taking shape of European female naked works of art. Being an article in the artwork additionally lifted up her status her and personality. The naked in European works of art do praise the lady inside them. Much the same as the models in todays world, they were no conventional ladies. They had the perfect figure and have earned their place to be picked as an item. It is a festival of their magnificence.

4 Tips to Ace the GRE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

4 Tips to Ace the GRE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Julia Chung is born and raised in New Jersey, but hopes to be considered an honorary New Yorker. She is a second year MPA student concentrating in Urban and Social Policy and specializing in Technology, Media, and Communications. After graduating from Vassar College with a BA in Sociology and a minor in Asian Studies, Julia worked at various nonprofits in New York City on issues including housing, immigration, education, and civic engagement. Taking the GRE can be a daunting experience! Here are some tips to help get through the studying and exam taking process! Know what you know and don’t know After you do your initial practice exam, look at your results. Which section did you do better on? Which type of question in each section did you do better on? If you’re stellar on math, but struggle in reading comprehension, spend more time on reading comprehension and just do some refreshers for math. If you aced geometry, but bombed probability, you know what to focus on. We’re all busy folks so you don’t need to go through the whole 3,000 pages of the GRE prep book if you don’t need to. Focus on what you know and don’t know! Make your own vocabulary flash cards Don’t just buy or print out pre-made flash cards. One of the best ways to remember vocabulary is actually taking the time to think about the definition in your own words. Also write down alliterations, synonyms, or personal associations to help remember the word. The more ways you think about the word, the better! Below is my example of a flash card: Additionally, when studying your flash cards, try to learn 10-30 new words each day on top of reviewing older flash cards. Split your older flash cards into two piles: the cards you always get right and the ones that you sometimes struggle with. Review the former once a week and the latter pile every other day. Plan so there aren’t any surprises on exam day Take some practice exams leading up to the exam. The exams are long and you may need to get used to sitting and thinking for five hours straight. But also consider taking the practice exam during the time you scheduled for the exam. For example, if you schedule the exam to be at 8AM, take the practice exam also at 8AM. This can help you know how your brain works at that time (eg: my brain doesn’t naturally function at its prime so early in the morning so it needs some training). What I also like to do is find reviews of the test center on Yelp or Google reviews before signing up for the exam. Do people say it’s loud and they couldn’t concentrate? Was the bathroom too far so they couldn’t take a break? Was there no parking? Of course take each review with a grain of salt, but sometimes it’s good to know so there aren’t any surprises! Pro tip: you can bring your own disposable ear plugs to the test! Take a break the night before the exam At this point there’s nothing more you can do! So let your brain relax and just swim in all the vocabulary words. Bring a snack to the exam, take a deep breath, and have fun. It’ll be over in four hours! And don’t forget, when you complete the exam, you have five schools you can send your scores to for free! If you’re set on SIPA, send it to 2161. It costs $27 to send it later, so don’t get too excited and just leave! Please note that SIPA admissions does not have a “minimum GRE/GMAT score.” The admissions committee reviews applications holistically, taking all application materials into consideration, including academic record, letters of recommendation, personal and professional life experience, among other qualifications. Note from Admissions:  SIPA requires either the GRE or the GMAT as an admissions requirement.

Controversial Topic of Birth Control - Free Essay Example

Birth control is a highly controversial topic as it is a major debate on the feminist field, giving way to womens choice, such as the Slut Shaming and Pro-life v. Pro-choice movements. It is mainly argued by feminists and liberals against groups like religious conservatives, such as those of the Catholic religion. Birth control is necessary in our society as it allows women to advance in their careers, decreases the unplanned pregnancy rate, and is the gateway to womens power to decide their own lives. CEO of the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, Ginny Ehrlich, makes it her mission to ensure that all women have the power to decide if, when, and under what circumstances to become pregnant (NBC News 2), stated in her article on the NBC News website, titled Birth Control Gives Women the Power to Decide. In said article, she uses the standard rhetorical format to convince her audience that birth control is the main economic driver for women. She first brings up her rhetorical definition, that contraception is a basic element of womens health care (NBC News 1) and expands upon this by explaining that it allows women to live their lives on their own terms. While this may be perceived as true, it is of her own judgement and is not proven in fact, hence her use of the word nearly as a weasler term to protect her claim from criticism. She then creates a rhetorical analogy, comparing birth control to a game changer, as something very critical in the political and e conomical playing field, backing up this analogy with multiple facts and proof surrogates, such as rationalizing that one-third of the wage gains women have achieved since the 1960s are the [direct] result of access to oral contraceptives (NBC News 3), as if there were no other factors that couldve affected the economic standing of women in their careers. She continues to use the word directly as if it was actually proven that birth control and contraception alone have led to her desired results in society, nothing more than a hasty generalization. While Ginny Ehrlich has a good argument in the general scheme of things, breaking it down to a more comprehensible portion shows how illogical her claims of judgement and opinion seem to be, her facts and studies being irrelevant and not a direct link to her conclusion that birth control is a key economic driver for women, but is however a gateway to womens choice. Former governor of Delaware, Jack Markell, also argues for birth control and contraception. He first informs his audience that in 2014, Delaware had the highest percentage of unplanned pregnancies in the country, (CNN 2) but now sees a 15% decrease in unplanned pregnancies among some of [the] most at-risk patients, (CNN 3) due to the shortened waitlists for effective birth control and easier access to these forms of contraceptions for those of all socioeconomic statuses. His argument is stronger than that of Ginny Ehrlichs, in that his facts are logical and can be linked to his conclusion that birth control will positively affect Delaware, as well as the rest of the country. However, though his argument is strong and logical, he also has a few fallacies in that he tries to appeal to his audiences emotions rather than focus on the strength of his claims. The emotion he tries to appeal to the most is guilt, as he guilts the current leaders of our country, stating that contraceptive ach es should be at the center not sidelined as a political issue (CNN 2), portrayed with his use of quotations around the word political, downplaying the topic, as if what the current leaders are engaging in now is not politics. He also appeals to guilt in his conclusion, that these said leaders only focus on partisanship and bickering rather than taking responsibility and looking at what really works for the country and its people. Former Governor Markell also appeals to his audiences emotions of pity and outrage, as he mentions the statistical evidence that proves that nearly half of all pregnancies in a given year are unplanned and five times more are unplanned for those of lower income. This is also expanded upon when he informs his audience that only 30% of subsidized health centers provide same-day contraception in the United States with as long as a 6 month waitlist. He writes that this is unacceptable (CNN 2), also appealing to his audiences outrage. On the other hand however, the main argument against birth control only seems to be that of religious conservatives. In many Christian sub-religions, contraception is condemned as a barrier to Gods procreative purpose (VeryWell Health 2) and is seen as unnatural. In many of these religions, contraception is viewed as a way to indulge in pleasures from a task that should be used only to procreate and continue the natural order of the universe (BBC 2). It is anti-life to prevent the formation of a new human being and the availability of contraceptives leads to promiscuity (BBC 3), something that many Christian sub-religions see as a sin. However, there are also many Christian sub-religions that do accept contraceptives as a form of family planning, excluding that of Catholicism, the only sub-religion to ban contraceptives altogether, except that of abstinence. This also includes the fact that approximately 90% of sexually active Catholic women of childbearing age use a birth control me thod forbidden by the church (VeryWell Health 10), therefore the claim that religion is a major stop to the rise and acceptance of birth control is very weak. This also does not take into account that religion should not be a major dealbreaker in the the law of this country, as religion was explicitly stated to be separated from the government and allows for people to have their freedom of expression, individuality, and religion. Therefore in conclusion, while Ginny Ehrlichs argument was not very strong, due to her rhetoric and illogical claims, she did bring forth some valid points that birth control is helpful in family planning and allowing women the time to advance in their careers because of their choice of when to have children. Jack Markell helps back up her argument with the actual logical facts that lead to a clearer conclusion and create the backbone in favor of birth control, as it does significantly decrease the rate of unplanned pregnancies, proved in his own state of Delaware. The only major argument against birth control being that of religion, which should have no judgement in the law of government and is contradictory, as only one of many Christian sub-religions deny contraception as a sin, and some even accept it. Therefore, birth control is a necessary right for women in society as it allows women to advance in their careers, decreases the unplanned pregnancy rate, and is the gateway to wom ens power to decide their own lives.

Tips for Successful Late Night Studying

What is your best study time? Do you feel most like studying in the wee hours of the night? If so, you are not alone. But  that can be a problem for parents and school officials. While some students like to get up early in the morning and study, most will say that late night studying is most productive. When it comes to brain power, students will say they perform better at night--and the fact that parents might find surprising and  interesting is that  science seems to agree. That can be a problem. School starts early in the morning for most students, so the benefits of studying at night can be eliminated by the drowsiness of missing sleep! Science also shows that the amount of sleep you get will affect your academic performance. Here Are a Few Tips for Maximizing Study Time Figure out if you are a morning person or a night person. You might surprise yourself. Try getting up early to study and see if it works out.Have a talk with parents to tell them that teen brains do perform better at night, so you won’t have to deal with miscommunication. Show them the science. You might be able to come up with a solution.Agree on an absolute â€Å"start time† for studying if you need to study late. Turn off the TV! Your brain should be just fine at six or seven o’clock. You don’t need to start after dark.Agree on a solid deadline for closing books and getting to sleep.Dont waste time on texts, games, and social media. You can do all of that early evening and get serious later in the evening if youre a night owl.Upon occasion, you may be able to go to school a little late if you have to study for an afternoon test. As long as you are communicating with your parents, and as long as the tardiness doesnt hurt your grades, you may be able to w ork this out. Sources: Improved Academic Success. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 7, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com ¬ /releases/2009/06/090610091232.htm Teens. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 7, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com ¬ /releases/2007/05/070520130046.htm

Revolutionaries of Cuba and Orwells 1984 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1094 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: 1984 Essay Did you like this example? George Orwells book 1984 displayed an example of a real-life dystopia. Totalitarianism is shown in this communist-based society so ghastly that it coined its own term Orwellian in the dictionary. However, a country living in full surveillance with extremely nationalistic views in cookie-cutter world is not entirely fictional. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Revolutionaries of Cuba and Orwells 1984" essay for you Create order Historical dictatorships are similar to Orwells telling of Big Brother, the man in control of Oceanias economy and strictly enforced values. An example of such was the Cuban regime under control of Fidel Castro from 1959-2008. The Cuban Revolution began under Castro and was aimed moderately towards the structure of communism as well. Totalitarianism can be determined by several factors, some of which being nationalism, ideologies, censorship, methods of propaganda, and use of terror as control. Though differing slightly in ideology, both Castro and Big Brother exhibited qualities of totalitarians who executed power in similar ways to accomplish their agenda. Enforced Nationalism Revolutionaries of Cuba were more self-organized than Oceanias Thought Police, who were organized by the government itself. Through undercover spies and organizations called Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDRs), the neighborhood groups implemented heavy surveillance that used CDRs to mobilize citizens against dissenters, impose ideological conformity, and root out counterrevolutionary behavior. (Bureau of Democracy, 2003). These groups were acting similarly to Oceanias people when they are persuaded by The Party to be nationalistic. The only life they had known was the one overindulged to them. The actions of these organizations were supported by Castros regime because he conditioned them to think as he. Although Oceania had undercover agents too, its means of forced conformity were established by government officials instead of nationalist citizens. In reference to the Thought Police, it was inevitable that they should make that claim sooner or later: the logic of the ir position demanded it when thinking about or committing crime against the government (Orwell, 1949, p. 102). Nonetheless, the goal of both governments was to reprimand counter-revolutionaries. Ideologies Both Oceania and Cuba were against a capitalist government. Reinforcing the idea that countries of capitalist nature were unacceptable and inferior was a part of both of their standards. The structure of socialism supported eachs perception of total government control and destruction of socioeconomic classes. Oceanias government favored total communism, reaching far above the progress Castro made as leader. Separate from socialism, Castro imposed extreme reprimands for opposing his regime. This came with limited freedom for the common citizens who did not have the right to free speech or the press. Castro and Big Brother can be described by National Review columnist Richard Neuhaus (1986) as people who aspire to be the artisans of their own destiny (p. 46). In declaring their own rule as the subject to other people (the objects), they are likely to be heinous in nature and follow a rule of law that allows them to have total control. Censorship Big Brother censored all aspects of life, including history, the language, and even thoughts. Big Brother was listening and watching from several places to monitor the content of conversations. Many were in plain sight, such as telescreens, which carefully studied expression and tone of who was speaking in the case they choose to conspire (Orwell, p. 8). Thoughtcrime, the word for thinking about committing crime, was considered equally as punishable as treason (p. 24). Casual conversation was limited to certain topics. Any unusual or provoking behavior was dismissed immediately. Books were rewritten to pretend like old information had never existed (p. 46). Censorship was strict under Castro, as well. It reached a lesser extent due to lack of technology, but outright anti-revolution ideas were destroyed. Magazines printed articles selected by Castro and only featured articles and films that portrayed him and the revolution in a positive light (Soles, 2007). Methods of Propaganda Oceanias propaganda in 1984 is primarily enforced daily through scheduled ideology. Featured every morning is the Two Minutes Hate, when counter-revolutionaries are broadcasted for public ridicule (Orwell, 1949, p. 13). People of the society actively practice contempt for their enemies, even if they are unaware of their intentions. The method behind this keeps the population in opposition of the enemy, whoever Big Brother decides is traitorous. However, this wasnt the only means of propaganda. Hanging in streets and buildings were posters of Big Brother, placed by The Party, that are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move with a slogan reading BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU (Orwell, 1949, p. 5). This tactic is used to make the citizens fear consequence and adhere to The Partys beliefs. It is effective, too, because they know they can suffer severe punishment or death for disobeying Big Brother. Castro utilized broadcasting similar to Big Brother in the form of selecti ve interviews and stories that made his regime appear superior, and criticized democratic leaders, governments, and parties (CIA, 1983). His nightly broadcasts reached several South American countries and Washington as well, increasing the number of voluntary revolutionaries (CIA, 1983). In each government, selectively choosing the content their citizens can view causes them to become brainwashed into believing one party. Use of Terror as Control Castro and Big Brother differ in how they manipulate the masses into following their regime. Thousands of oppositionists in Cuba suffered imprisonment for openly disagreeing with Cuban government, some of whom were subjected to the firing squad (Padgett, 2016). Cuban government was threatening to any who dared speak against Castro and his regime, even claiming invincible resistance to potential United States intervention (Padgett, 2016). Government officials often abused and assaulted detained people, such as human rights activists and reporters, and the same prisoners often died in the prison conditions because they were refused medical care (Bureau of Democracy, 2003). Using violence kept common citizens under Castros control. Big Brother alternatively used a technique of vaporizing the people who committed crimes against The Party. Those people disappeared, were written out of history, and were considered to have never existed (Orwell, 1949, p. 24). The exact punishment for the wr ong-doers was unknown to the public, and that is the terrifying, mysterious element of why Big Brother was able to maintain order. He allowed fear of the unknown to terrorize his people. Conclusion Big Brother shares qualities of a totalitarian with Castro, and they each represent extreme authoritarian rule. The Cuban government under Fidel Castro has evident similarity to George Orwells 1984. Nationalism was strongly associated with their regimes, as well as sharing complementary beliefs. Censorship, propaganda, and terror as a tactic proved to successfully control the public. Manipulation of the masses was achievable by their position of power and the threat of punishment. The Cuban government under Fidel Castro has evident, totalitarian similarity to George Orwells 1984.

Sadistic Killer and Rapist Charles Ng

Charles Ng and Leonard Lake rented a remote cabin in the 1980s near Wilseyville, Calif., and built a bunker where they imprisoned women and used them as sex slaves, torturing and murdering them, their husbands, and children. When the spree ended, police connected Ng to 12 murders, but they suspected that the real number was closer to 25. Ngs Childhood Years Charles Chi-tat Ng was born in Hong Kong on Dec. 24, 1960, to Kenneth Ng and Oi Ping. He was the youngest of three children and the only boy. His parents were thrilled that their last child was a boy and showered him with attention. Kenneth was a strict disciplinarian and kept a sharp eye on his son, constantly reminding Charles that a good education was his ticket to success and happiness. But Charles was more interested in martial arts so he could follow in the footsteps of his hero, Bruce Lee. Charles attended parochial school, and Kenneth expected him to do all his assignments, study hard, and excel in his classes. But Charles was a lazy student and received low grades. Kenneth found his sons attitude unacceptable and got so angry that he beat him with a cane. Acting Out At 10, Ng became rebellious and destructive and was caught stealing. He disliked Western children and attacked them when their paths crossed. When he started a fire in a classroom while playing with off-limits chemicals, he was expelled. Kenneth sent him to boarding school in England, but he was soon expelled for stealing and shoplifting and sent back to Hong Kong. College in the U.S. lasted one semester, after which he was convicted of hit and run driving but, instead of paying restitution, lied on his enlistment application and joined the Marines. In 1981 he was jailed for stealing weapons but escaped before trial and fled to California, where he met Lake and Lakes wife, Claralyn Balazs. He lived with them until Ng and Lake were arrested by the FBI on weapons charges. Ng was convicted and sent to the penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kan., while Lake made bail and went into hiding at a remote cabin in Wilseyville in Californias Sierra Nevada Mountains. The Ghastly Crimes Begin After Ngs release from prison three years later, he reunited with Lake at the cabin and they began living out Lakes sadistic, murderous fantasies, killing at least seven men (including Lakes brother), three women, and two babies in 1984 and 1985. Authorities believe the number murdered is much higher. The spree ended when Ng and Lake were seen shoplifting a bench vise at a lumberyard to replace one they had broken torturing their victims. Ng fled; Lake was stopped in a car registered to one victim with the drivers license of another victim. He was arrested and, during a break in interrogation, committed suicide after writing down his and Ngs real names. Police continued investigating. They found the cabin in Wilseyville and gruesome evidence of the murders: charred body parts, corpses, bone chips, weapons, videotapes showing sexual abuse and rape, bloody lingerie, and a bed with restraints. They also found Lakes diary, which detailed acts of torture, rape, and murder he and Ng had performed in what he referred to as Operation Miranda, a fantasy that centered on the end of the world and Lakes desire for sexual slaves. Investigators also found a bunker built partially into a hillside with a room designed as a cell so whoever was in the room could be watched and heard from an outer room. Complete details of the tapes contents were never disclosed. A Long Legal Battle Ng was charged in the U.S. with 12 counts of murder. He was tracked from San Francisco to Chicago, Detroit, and finally Canada, where he was arrested for robbery and attempted murder committed in that country. After a trial he was imprisoned and, following a six-year, $6.6 million legal battle, was extradited to the U.S. in 1991. Ng and his lawyers used a variety of legal tactics to delay his trial, but it finally began in October 1998 Orange County, Calif. His defense team presented Ng as an unwilling participant in Lakes sadistic murder spree, but prosecutors introduced cartoons Ng had drawn depicting murder scenes in the Wilseyville cabin in details that a nonparticipant wouldnt have known. They also produced a witness who had been left for dead in the killing spree but survived. The witness said Ng, not Lake, had attempted to kill him. Fast Decision From the Jury After years of delays, tons of paperwork, and millions of dollars, Ngs trial ended with guilty verdicts in the murders of six men, three women, and two babies. The jury recommended the death penalty, and the judge imposed it. As of July 2018, Charles Ng was on death row in the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, continuing to appeal his death sentence. Source:  Justice Denied: The Ng Case by Joseph Harrington and Robert Burger  and  Journey into Darkness by John E. Douglas

Race And Ethnicity Are Terms That Are Commonly Mistaken

Race and ethnicity are terms that are commonly mistaken for one another every day. According to sociologists and authors, Markus and Moya, race is a â€Å"dynamic set of historically derived and institutionalized ideas and practices that group certain people according to physical and behavioral human characteristics that are negative and shared.† Race was developed on a social context due to the fact that the dominant cultures labeled people with darker skin tones as different and inferior. Ethnicity is a â€Å"group of ideas and practices that allows people to identify with groups of people on the basis of presumed, and usually claimed commonalities† (Markus and Moya 2010: p.22) Country of origin, language, and physical characteristics are some†¦show more content†¦Children learn all of their core values and beliefs through their parents, so if their parents frequently have discussions about how all black people are criminals and do drugs, then the child will form their own opinions of black people based on what their parents think and that is how stereotypes are reproduced. The stereotype was reproduced and transferred from the parent to the child, but children also learn stereotypes through their peers. Stereotypes affect how we see and interact with others; for example, if a white person was seated by a Muslim man on an airplane they might feel slightly uncomfortable because society has stereotyped all Muslim people as potential terrorists that hate Americans because of incidents like 9/11 and fear of ISIS. Our brain develops these â€Å"mental short-cuts† (Jacobs: 2014) almost subconsciously to detect possible threats, assuming that people are associated with their negative stereotype. Stereotypes are so common in society that everyone knows at least one. Some common ones include: ‘All Native Americans own casinos,’ ‘Black kids don’t have dads,’ and ‘All Mexican immigrants are illegal.â⠂¬â„¢ The stereotype that black kids don’t have dads has been loosely tossed around for many years due to the assumption that men of color, especially ones that live in poverty based communities, cannot afford to have children or that they sleep around and don’t want anything to do with theShow MoreRelatedComm 3311707 Words   |  7 Pagesboth positive and negative. The media plays a role in how black women are seen in society. A stereotype is a commonly held public belief about or types of individuals. The concepts of stereotype and prejudice are often confused with many other different meanings. Stereotypes can be about different age, racial or ethnic groups based on some prior assumptions. (J.F. Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender and Class pp33-35). The stereotypes seen in the media influence the thoughts and viewpoints of how peopleRead MoreThe Naturalization Act Of 19061140 Words   |  5 Pagescentralize the administration of citizenship, yet it resulted in the ex clusion of certain immigrant groups deemed unsuitable for citizenship in the United States. South Asian immigrants were initially not denied citizenship outright due to their ethnicity, that was restricted to the Chinese and Japanese. Nonetheless, those from the Indian sub-continent were often excluded from naturalization as â€Å"Asiatics†, a categorization that grouped them with Chinese and Japanese immigrants and one which some immigrantsRead MoreIs Abortion Morally Wrong?1704 Words   |  7 Pagesusually connect with either the â€Å"pro-life† argument, or the â€Å"pro-choice† argument. Before developing a position, it is important to understand both sides of the argument and weigh the consequences of each. The common ground between the two is often mistaken, making it difficult for people to find their position. People who support banishing legal abortions are usually referred to as â€Å"pro-lifers.† They usually believe in standing up for the unspoken rights of the fetus and believe that the practice ofRead MoreInterracial Identity Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pageseyes, and white skin. They are adopted from Romania and though they are all related to each other, they are not related to me or our parents. My father has coarse salt-and-pepper hair, dark brown skin, and hairy arms. *** I am Sicilian and I claim no race. Ever since I can remember, the color of my skin has always been of intrigue. When I was a baby, my mother’s family, the white side of my family, took to calling me coffee bean. The color of coffee beans as a baby, faded into creamy dandelion hue asRead MoreRacism in Othello and An Echo in the Bone2296 Words   |  10 Pageshas often been mistaken that racism only exists between those who are black and white. This of course, has largely been influenced by colonialism and slavery in the New World. Carlos Hoyt Jr in his article, ‘The Pedagogy of the Meaning of Racism: Reconciling a Discordant Discourse,’ states that although several key concepts in the study of diversity, social bias, and social justice are somewhat nebulous and overlapping, for example, culture, race and ethnicity, there is perhaps no term that provokesRead MoreThe Mental Disorder Known As Schizophrenia2245 Words   |  9 Pagesacross gender and ethnicity, howeve r the age of onset is usually in young adulthood and generally not found over the age of 45. Research has shown that schizophrenia is not a disorder than can easily be defined, rather it is a cluster of disorders. There are a number subtypes of schizophrenia, however there are a number of symptoms that are shared among them all. The types of symptoms range from positive, or easily identified symptoms to negative, or more subtle symptoms. Commonly visible symptomsRead MoreCultural And Social Aspects Of Health2777 Words   |  12 Pagestheir partner once, it is more likely to that they will continue to physically assault them. It is problematic that domestic violence is often denied, excused, or overlooked by family members, friends, neighbors, and colleagues as the abuse is often mistaken for control in the relationship (Domestic Violence Abuse). If and when the abuse is revealed, the victim is usually blamed by not being able to leave their partner, when they may not have the courage of leaving the abusive situation in fear ofRead MoreCross Cultural Marketing by Mncs in In dia3209 Words   |  13 PagesStrategies adopted by MNC#8217;s for Cross Cultural marketing in terms of India Introduction Marketing is commonly associated with endeavors such as branding, selling, and advertising, but it also encompasses activities and processes related to production, product development, distribution, and many other functions. Furthermore, on a less tangible level, marketing facilitates the distribution of goods and services within a society, particularly in free markets. Evidence of the pivotal role thatRead MoreTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo5187 Words   |  21 PagesRESISTANCE TO THE BROKEN PROMISES OF THE TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO Katie Menante Anderson INTRODUCTION Human beings, no matter what race or ethnicity or place or time, will not tolerate injustice forever. Webster’s defines injustice as a â€Å"violation of the right or of the rights of another† (Merriam-Webster, 1990). The history of the United States is filled with such violations. From the early challenges to religious freedom in Massachusetts to the broken treaties and systematic removalRead MoreIndividual Privacy vs National Security5833 Words   |  24 Pagesof checks and balances systems are weighed in confusion and consternation and capricious that have the appearance of resolving conflicts once and for all. Before we go deeper into the analysis of the legislation, lets examine the following terms of privacy and security. The American Heritage Dictionary defines privacy as secluded from sight, presence or intrusions of others, confined to one person. There are those who have pointed out that nowhere in the constitution the word privacy appears

Outline for Speech #2 Informative Speech Free Essays

Outline for Speech #2 Informative Speech Name of Speaker: Someone Topic: Definitions of Words, thoughts or concepts General Purpose: Inform Specific Purpose: At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to understand the meaning of a Chinese idiom and know how to apply it in different situations. Visual Aid: PowerPoint presentation Organizational Pattern: Topical organization Introduction I. Attention getter: I will begin my speech with a question. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline for Speech #2 Informative Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now Is there anyone speaking foreign language? If there is someone speaking Chinese, I will ask him or her about why they choose to study learn Chinese? If not, I will start my speech with a Chinese idiom. II. Thesis/Subject: According to an idiom in the idiom dictionary, it reflects that a misfortune may turn into something positive while good luck may lead to a misfortune. III. Relevance to audience/Reason audience should listen: Everyone’s life has good or bad time. For good times, we feel complacent, but for bad times, we feel upset. Therefore, our emotion change all the time. IV. Speaker Credibility: I will use my own experiences, stories, and be prepared and show my confidence. V. Preview (Main Ideas/ Points): Even if a simple idiom, it contains a meaningful thought about our personal life. Transition: Now, I want to show my own stories to apply the idiom. Body I. Main Point #1 I will show my own experiences applied to the idiom. A. I got really poor score on my Accounting quiz, this is not the end of the world, because I can learn from my mistakes on the quiz and get it right on the exam. B. I won a prize in a lottery, but I lost my purse on the way back home. Transition: Next, I want to show how this idiom affects my friends. II. Main Point #2 I will show my friends also have many ideas about this idiom. A. My roommate broke up with her boy friend; however, she worked harder than before and transferred to another college that was better than now. B. My friend who cheating on his economic exam got a high score, but his professor deemed him as dishonesty. Transition: Finally, these examples from my friends and me are the application of idiom. Conclusion I. Summary: This idiom makes my life become easier, and it helps me to get rid of some stressful and disappointed times. II. Creative closing thought or memorable conclusion: One part of the movie â€Å"The Pursuit of Happyness†. References in APA Format How to cite Outline for Speech #2 Informative Speech, Essay examples

How technology has changed free essay sample

Technology today, has allowed us to connect with people with ease, and has made many tasks so much easier. From desktops to IPhones, the world we live in today allows us to communicate with anybody with wireless access with just a couple clicks of a mouse. As civilization has evolved so has technology, from letters to phone calls to email, basic communication methods have consistently progressed into the complex system we have today. As we become more dependent on technological communication, such improvements will continue to be made. First of all, imagine attempting to live the way we do today, to the way we use to live a decade ago. I remember having to yell at my siblings to get off the phone so I can connect to AOL instant messenger Dial-up. At one time, we all had those Nextel cell phones that could withstand a nuclear explosion. With all the new technology that was introduced, it was difficult to see what else the technology world could improve on. Sure enough, they never cease to impress us. In the last couple year’s technology has done things we could have never imagined happing , now we have lap tops and tablets, we would never see this back in the 80’s. We have cellphones that are our own personal computers, the communication options we have now are endless. For example, technology has made tasks easier and more convenient; it was amazing when they introduced phones we didn’t have to plug into an outlet. Now, we are able to access the web, email and social networking sites right from our cellphones. Another really huge advance we made in technology was sharing of music, we have gone from Walkman’s to Cd’s, now we can just download music straight to our cellphones or listen to Pandora without the need of a radio, I don’t think we ever thought this was going to be possible. Over the last 5 years, technology has been rapidly changing in every way imaginable. While it might seem that technology today has reached its limits, it is actually just starting and we are going to see new technology in the future that we never thought could ever happened. Only ten or so years ago, personal computers were becoming small enough, and affordable enough for families to buy for their home use. Since then, the world of technology has shown no signs of slowing down and practically every device we own today is somehow tied down to computer technology (centertech. org). Second of all, Technology has built up to what it is today in many ways, shapes, and forms. Some may say that you cannot always rely on technology and that is correct. For example, say you have to print out a project and suddenly your computer crashes down and you forgot to save it, you would have to start from scratch. If billions of people use the internet a day, imagine if something were to drastically happen in the future and we had no internet, what would we do then? So can the internet really be trusted? I personally don’t think so. I do believe that the technology we have today is helping the way we live and is making our lives much easier; the downfall is that we have become a lot lazier then we ever have been before. And there are more lost jobs because computers are taking over and doing the work for us. People have also become more dependent on cell phones to keep in touch with everybody, for some people, they agree that the technology we have today is distracting us from living social lives. On the other hand, some people argue that we cannot live without technology. Which; is in some cases true. Although, technology has its benefits I believe we all have become too dependent on it as well. It seems hard these days to fathom the original size of computers and how small they have become in the last ten years, but within the last five they have become even smaller and somehow more powerful and faster than ever! For the past decade or so, technology has transformed the way we communicate, the days are gone where we had to write letters and mail them out and wait a week for our friends and family to receive them now, we can just email and within seconds they receive our letters. Long distance phone calls are also unnecessary for anyone with a computer, a webcam and a speedy internet connection is all you need now. Cell phones are a huge advantage for us because we can now place calls to anyone in the world no matter where we are at, we no longer have to wait until we get home or look for a phone booth to place emergency phone calls. One of the disadvantages of all this technology we have is that it has made our society somewhat impersonal. For instance, instead of communicating with my customers at work over the phone, I can now just communicate with them through e-mail or through instant-messaging. As a result, it is difficult to tell if one of my customers is upset. Technology also tends to make communication drag out more than it has to, sometimes it’s quicker to just get out of your seat and walk to the person, or just simply pick up the phone. To conclude, I believe in technology, and I completely support it but only to an extent. I say, go ahead and enjoy what technology has to offer. Technology is changing the way we live, the way we interact; it lets us understand the world better. It helps us write documents, do our homework. Technology is a concept that will never end, each year we will see something new and exciting.

New Education Superstar Countries Emerge on the Horizon

New Education Superstar Countries Emerge on the Horizon Developed education sector in a region is a guarantee of an economic growth. Universities not only reinforce monetary incomes to the government through the tuition fees. Young student attracted to a new university will encourage the development of the region’s infrastructure, thus creating the economic growth and prosperity of small businesses in gastronomy and entertainment. What Is the Current State of Affairs? So far by the year 2016-2017 the world top higher education institution is the University of Oxford according to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings. The assessment of the universities and ranking are based not only on the university research successful activity but international engaging, teaching skills and knowledge transfer as well. Though, the Western counties are still dominant in the education sector, Asia is rapidly increasing its power in higher-education. And the reason is that East Asia, particularly, has invested into higher education in the late years. However, the research shows that there is a reverse exchange of the affairs. The Line Between Education and Economic Growth According to the research of a London School of Economy, the increase in the number of universities is raising GPD in the region. The analysis of data gather from 15,000 universities in 78 countries show that GPD per head has increased in 4.7% due to the doubling of the universities in the area. Here come a couple of questions: what are these countries and what to expect from them? What are the counties best establishing the connection between economic development and higher-education sector enlargement? Are TACTICS Using the Right Tactics? Well, it is hard to predict the sequence of the events for sure but relying on the analysis done by the Center for Global Higher Education there are seven counties that are determined to succeed in future. They are called TACTICS: T – ThailandA –ArgentinaC –ChileT –TurkeyI –IranC –ColombiaS –Serbia It is believed that this prospective Fantastic Seven of the global education field can outrun today’s world rising star nations of India, China, Brazil, South Africa and Russia. It means that there are new stars taking lead in the education horizon in the future. Trough Hardship to the Stars Nevertheless, all of the TACTICS have some social or political issues that might intervene the economic growth and education expansion. Based on the graphics presented by Times Higher Education the highest levels of corruption are in Iran followed by Argentina. The editor states the Turkey and Iran are both strong in intellectual potential. However each is going through tremendous political changes. High levels of corruption might drive off the foreign students. Political instabilities in Turkey for example can also harm the country’s reputation of the new education global center. It probably will become harder to attract top researches from other counties. All in all, every country of the TACTICS is facing some issues that could slightly hurt the reputation and scare of students. Yet, taking a closer look at these counties from the view of higher-education development – the raise of universities can really define the next decade for them. These counties are making high investments into higher education institution that eventual are going to pay off. The tactical steps taken towards education expansion kill two birds with one stone: increase the education level of the population and the prestige of the country across the globe and help develop other spheres of life in the regions.

Free Essays on Stimulation

â€Å"Promises To Keep† â€Å"Promises to Keep,† written by Katherine Karr offers encouragement and advice to families who have to put loved ones in nursing homes. Few are prepared for the shock of the placement into the institution, and families are not aware of the emotional effort needed to put forth so that that elderly feel comforted and maintain dignity throughout this vital change. Katherine explains the process through first hand experience with her grandmother. These care facilities provide the duty of looking after elderly persons who can no longer take of themselves or by their family. The role of families in nursing homes should be to â€Å"oversee and share equitability in the nursing home experience† by working cooperatively with staff. Yes, this staff is genuinely nice but they are paid to be like that, nothing can replace love between family members. The family must find the right nursing home by determining the amount of financial resources available, which will determine the status of the nursing home. The five methods of financing nursing homes are personal financial resources, private insurance, veteran’s benefits, Medicare, and Medicaid. Guidebooks usually help a family determine this. From here on you must place the elderly person’s needs above your own to ensure them dignity and care. Karr’s grandmothers life was dedicated to family caring until it came time for the family to care for her. The last years spent in a nursing home were unexpectant to her grandmother but accepted due to her age and family devotion to comforting her. Nursing homes receive a lot of bad press, but efficiency and care should be an obligation. What Karr learned from this was that â€Å" the special emphasis on the emotional, physical, mental, and spiritual needs of a fragile population need to be addressed and she hopes this book will help future people faced with the challenges of nursing homelife.† Deterioration of the elderl... Free Essays on Stimulation Free Essays on Stimulation â€Å"Promises To Keep† â€Å"Promises to Keep,† written by Katherine Karr offers encouragement and advice to families who have to put loved ones in nursing homes. Few are prepared for the shock of the placement into the institution, and families are not aware of the emotional effort needed to put forth so that that elderly feel comforted and maintain dignity throughout this vital change. Katherine explains the process through first hand experience with her grandmother. These care facilities provide the duty of looking after elderly persons who can no longer take of themselves or by their family. The role of families in nursing homes should be to â€Å"oversee and share equitability in the nursing home experience† by working cooperatively with staff. Yes, this staff is genuinely nice but they are paid to be like that, nothing can replace love between family members. The family must find the right nursing home by determining the amount of financial resources available, which will determine the status of the nursing home. The five methods of financing nursing homes are personal financial resources, private insurance, veteran’s benefits, Medicare, and Medicaid. Guidebooks usually help a family determine this. From here on you must place the elderly person’s needs above your own to ensure them dignity and care. Karr’s grandmothers life was dedicated to family caring until it came time for the family to care for her. The last years spent in a nursing home were unexpectant to her grandmother but accepted due to her age and family devotion to comforting her. Nursing homes receive a lot of bad press, but efficiency and care should be an obligation. What Karr learned from this was that â€Å" the special emphasis on the emotional, physical, mental, and spiritual needs of a fragile population need to be addressed and she hopes this book will help future people faced with the challenges of nursing homelife.† Deterioration of the elderl...

Negative Slope and Negative Correlation

Negative Slope and Negative Correlation In mathematics, the slope of a line (m) describes how rapidly or slowly change is occurring and in which direction, whether positive or negative. Linear functions- those whose graph is a straight line- have four possible types of slope: positive, negative, zero, and undefined.  A function with a positive slope is represented by a line that goes up from left to right, while a function with a negative slope is represented by a line that goes down from left to right. A function with zero slope is represented by a horizontal line, and a function with an undefined slope is represented by a vertical line. Slope is usually expressed as an absolute value. A positive value indicates a positive slope, while a negative value indicates a negative slope. In the function y 3x, for example, the slope is positive 3, the coefficient of x. In statistics, a graph with a negative slope represents a negative correlation between two variables. This means that as one variable increases, the other decreases- and vice versa. Negative correlation represents a significant relationship between the variables x and y, which, depending on what they are modeling, can be understood as input and output, or cause and effect. How to Find Slope Negative slope is calculated just like any other type of slope. You can find it by dividing the rise of two points (the difference along the vertical or y-axis) by the run (the difference along the x-axis). Just remember that the rise is really a fall, so the resulting number will be negative. m (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1) Once the line is graphed, youll see that the slope is negative because the line will go down from left to right. Even without drawing a graph, you will be able to see that the slope is negative simply by calculating m using the values given for the two points. For example, the slope of a line that contains the two points (2,-1) and (1,1) is: m [1 - (-1)] / (1 - 2)m (1 1) / -1m 2 / -1m -2 A slope of -2 means that for every positive change in x, there will be twice as much negative change in y. Negative Slope = Negative Correlation A negative slope demonstrates a negative correlation between the following: variables x and yinput and outputindependent variable and dependent variablecause and effect Negative correlation occurs when the two variables of a function move in opposite directions. As the value of x increases, the value of y decreases. Likewise, as the value of x decreases, the value of y increases. Negative correlation, then, indicates a clear relationship between the variables, meaning one affects the other in a meaningful way. In a scientific experiment, a negative correlation would show that an increase in the independent variable (the one manipulated by the researcher) would cause a decrease in the dependent variable (the one measured by the researcher). For example, a scientist might find that as predators are introduced into an environment, the number of prey gets smaller. In other words, there is a negative correlation between number of predators and number of prey. Reals A simple example of negative slope in the real world is going down a hill. The further you travel, the further down you drop. This can be represented as a mathematical function where x equals distance traveled and y equals elevation. Other examples of negative slope demonstrate the relationship between two variables: Mr. Nguyen drinks caffeinated coffee two hours before his bedtime. The more cups of coffee he drinks (input), the fewer hours he will sleep (output).Aisha is purchasing a plane ticket. The fewer days between the purchase date and the departure date (input), the more money Aisha will have to spend on airfare (output).John is spending some of the money from his last paycheck on presents for his children. The more money John spends (input), the less money John will have in his bank account (output).Mike has an exam at the end of the week. Unfortunately, he would rather spend his time watching sports on TV than studying for the test. The more time Mike spends watching TV (input), the lower Mikes score will be on the exam (output). (In contrast, the relationship between time spent studying and exam score would be represented by a positive correlation, since an increase in studying would lead to a higher score.)

Is graffiti a valid art form Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Is graffiti a valid art form - Essay Example Scholars in this field argue that graffiti could be accepted as an art if it is put in the following forms. These forms include subway art, spray-can art and graffiti art. The aspect of unconventional presentation contributes to the idea of graffiti being recognised as an art because the above forms constitute properties that bring out the visual content of the imagination. For an individual to prove this, he or she has to consider a historical graffiti material to illustrate to his or her audience that graffiti is truly an art. As an art, graffiti as seen from the ancient were uncovered monuments from Egypt. In addition, it is an italic word that means drawing, scribbling and markings, thus an indication that it existed in the ancient times where people practiced wall writing. The ancient graffiti was transferred to the current graffiti making it to be referred to as â€Å"New York Style† due to its invention in New York (Chalfant and Prigoff 38). There are a number of reasons why graffiti’s art value is different from oil on canvas painting. The first reason is the fame that a graffitist gets from his or her artistic talent. It is easy for a graffitist to get be recognized because of his or her artistic talent more than an artist who considers oil on canvas painting (Spitz 27). Secondly, graffiti provides room for a person to express him or herself to the world more than the oil on canvas painting. Writing as an art enables a graffitist to communicate his or her identity and ideas to the general public. It is, therefore, important for graffitist to note that judgments for their imagination can only be made by the public basing on their artistic skills which must be translated creatively. Lastly, graffiti allows artists to work together unlike the oil on canvas painting that requires one artist to complete the assigned task. Team building for graffitist

AIG Accounting Scandal Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

AIG Accounting Scandal - Case Study Example Established in 1921 it had its headquarters in Connecticut. Warren Buffets Berkshire Hathaway owned the company. The company was ranoriginally RonaldFerguson until his retirement in 2002. In 2007, the premium written was over six billion U.S dollars(Schonfeld 2006). One of the participants involved In the AIG demise was Hank Greenburg. He was born in 1925, admitted to the New York bar in 1953, joinedAIG in 1962and named CEO in 1968(Young, 2009). He ranAIG for 38 years before stepping down in March 21 2005(Young, 2009). Another participant was Ron Ferguson. He was the CEO of Gen Re He was bornin 1942(Young, 2009). He was a fellow of CAS ad co-developed the B-F method. He joined Gen Re in 1966 and was CEO in 1987. Later, in 1998, Berkshire HathawayassimilatedGen Re. Helater retired in 2002(Young, 2009). Others include Christopher Garad, FCAS. He was Gen Re’s Senior Vice president and Chief Underwriter of finite reinsurance in the U.S from 1994 to 2005. Elizabeth Monrad, CPA. She was the CFO of Gen Re as from 2000 to 2003. Robert graham, JD. He was SVP and assistant general counsel at Gen Re until 2005 (Young, 2009). Christian Milton. He was the VP of AIGs reinsurance until 2005. RichardNapier was the SVP accountable for Gen Re affiliation with AIG. John Houldswoth was the CEO of Cologne Re Dublin CRD. Eliot Spitzer, JD was born in 1959. He was a former attorney general of New York. During his time as an attorney general, he had some outstandingprosecutions including the mutual fund scandals that was in 2003, the insurer bid rigging, in 2004; and AIG accounting scandal, in 2005. He elected governor of New York in 2006(Young, 2009). In 2001, the S.E.C learned that AIG has aided a customer company in strengthening its balance sheet through a bogus insurance transaction.

Analysis of Drug Delivery Systems

Analysis of Drug Delivery Systems INTRODUTION SECTION 1.1: ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM A drug delivery system is defined as a formulation or a device that can be introduce the therapeutic or pharmaceutical substance in to the body and improves the efficacy and safety of substance by controlling the time, rate and place of drug release in the body. Drug delivery system is an interface between the patient and the drug. It may be a formulation of drug to administer it for a therapeutic or medical reason or a device used drug delivery. Oral drug delivery system is most desirable, preferable and suitable route for the administration of therapeutic and pharmaceutical agents for administration. Historically the oral route of drug administration has been the one used most for both conventional as well as the novel drug delivery. The reasons for this preference are obvious because of ease of administration. Oral drug delivery is the most desirable, suitable and preferred method of administering therapeutic agents for their systemic effects. The oral medication is mostly conside red as the first investigation in the development and discovery of new drug molecules and pharmaceutical preparations, mainly because of acceptance by the patients, convenience, and cost effective manufacturing process. For many drug substances conventional immediate release formulations provide clinically and therapeutically effective therapy while maintaining the required level of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles with acceptable level of safety to the patient. Multiple unit dosage forms such as microspheres or micro beads have gained in popularity as oral drug delivery systems because of high uniformity of the drug distribution in the gastrointestinal tract, better drug absorption, minimized local irritation and elimination of unwanted intestinal retention of polymers and other excipients, when compared to non-disintegrating single unit dosage form.2 SECTION 1.2: CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM A wide variety of newer oral drug delivery systems like sustained/controlled release dosage forms are designed and evaluated in order to overcome the limitations of conventional therapy. These products are able to maintain steady drug plasma levels for extended periods of time as a result the variations of the drug levels in the blood are prevented and minimized drug related side effects.3 The controlled release drug delivery systems are aimed at controlling the rate of drug delivery, sustaining the time period of therapeutic activity and targeting the drug delivery to a tissue. Drug release from these systems should be at a desired rate, predictable and reproducible. Among the various approaches for controlled systems, microencapsulation process and microcapsules have gained good acceptance as a process to achieve controlled release and drug targeting.4 The goal in designing sustained or controlled delivery system is to reduce the frequency of dosing or to increase the effectiveness of the drug by localization at the site action, reducing the dose required, or providing uniform drug delivery.5 Of growing interest generally in the world of oral drug delivery is colon-targeted delivery for treatment of both local and systemic conditions. It is recognised that this region of the Gastrointestinal tract offers advantages over the stomach and small intestine, e.g. milder pH, lower enzymatic activity, lower bile salt concentrations, longer residence time and slower turnover of the mucus layer. For biopharmaceutical delivery, it also appears to offer the benefit of allowing greater functioning of absorption enhancers, thus allowing reasonable bioavailability of drugs such as peptides which would normally be poorly absorbed from the GI tract.6 Controlled release systems are used in the improvement of the effectiveness of drug therapy. These systems modify several parameters of the drug: the release profile and capacity to cross biological carriers (depending on the size of the particle), biodistribution, clearance, and stability (metabolism), among others. In other words, the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of the drug are modified by these formulations. Controlled release offers numerous advantages over conventional dosage forms. This approach increases therapeutic activity and decreases side effects, thus reducing the number of drug dosages required during treatment. Controlled release methods offer an appropriate tool for site-specific and time-controlled drug delivery. There are two main situations in which the distribution and time-controlled delivery of a drug can be beneficial- When the natural distribution of the drug causes major side effects due to its interaction with other tissues. When the natural drug distribution does not allow it to reach its molecular site of action due to degradation. Many different kinds of drugs can benefit from distribution or time-controlled delivery, such as anti-inflammatory agents, antibiotics, chemotherapeutic drugs, immunosuppressants, anesthetics and vaccines.7 1.2.1: Advantages of oral controlled release formulations Oral controlled drug delivery has been widely preferred in research because of its large number of benefits over conventional dosage forms, some of which are as follows: The frequency of dosing is less due to drug being released for a longer duration of time than conventional dosage form. This is highly valuable for the patients with chronic disease and illnesses which required to maintaining the plasma concentrations of a drug within the range of therapeutic effects to avoid breakthrough symptoms. The reduction or avoidance of side effects due to high plasma drug concentrations or ‘dose dumping’. Improvement of the patient compliance because of reduced dosing. Better control on the concentration of therapeutic drug in body. Cost effective manufacturing as the amount of dose required per patient would be reduced as compared to its conventional dosage form.8 SECTION 1.3: COATING OF FORMULATION Coating is defined as a process by which dosage form is covered with an essentially dry, outer layer of coating material by applying it on the surface of a formulation or dosage form for specific benefits that broadly ranges from improving product identification to modifying the release of the drug from the formulation. After making a good formulation, one must often coat it for many benefits. There are five reasons for putting such a coating on a pharmaceutical formulation: Protection of active pharmaceutical ingredients, from the acidic environment of the stomach (e.g. enzymes and certain antibiotics). To prevent gastric distress or nausea from a drug due to irritation (e.g. sodium salicylate ). For the delivery of drugs that are optimally absorbed in the small intestine to their primary absorption site in their most concentrated form. To provide a delayed/sustained release of drug substance for repeat action. Required for minimizing first pass metabolism of drugs.19 1.3.1: Coating material The coating material should be capable of forming a film that is cohesive with the materials required for coating, should be chemically compatible with the material and must be non reactive with the core material and provide the desired coating properties such as strength, impermeability, optical properties stability and flexibility. When coating is done by microencapsulation techniques the size of thickness of coating is in microscopic units. A number of different substances both non-biodegradable and biodegradable have been investigated for the formulation of microcapsules. These materials include the polymers of synthetic natural and origin and also modified natural substances. Some of the polymers used in the preparation of the microcapsules are classified and listed. 1.3.2: Ideal properties of an enteric coating material Resistance from the gastric fluids Permeable/Susceptible to the intestinal fluid Should be compatibility with the most components of coating solution and the substrates of the drug Formation of uniform and continuous film Cheap, nontoxic and easy to apply Provide ability in readily printed19 1.3.3: EUDRAGIT S100 Eudragit S100 is anionic copolymers based on methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate. The IUPAC name of edragit S100 is Poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate). Eudragit S100 contains 30% of methacrylic units and dissolves at pH values higher than 7.0. Eudragit S100 is suitable coating agent for controlled and colon targeted drug delivery system.10 Eudragit S100 is an effective and stable enteric coating agent with fast dissolution in upper bowl. It is generally accepted that pH7 is not normally reached until at least the distal small bowel/ileocaecal region; thus drug release from formulations coated with Eudragit S100 is likely to commence at the junction between the small intestine and colon, continuing into the colon.6 SECTION 1.4: NON-STEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMATORY DRUGS Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are considered to be the first-line drugs in the symptomatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondilytis and osteoarthritis. Aceclofenac is one of the emerging NSAID molecules for the treatment of arthritis. Aceclofenac is a new derivative of diclofenac and has less gastrointestinal complications. All drugs grouped in this class have analgesic, antipyretic antiinflammatory action in different measures. They do not depress CNS, do not produce the physical dependence, are weaker analgesics and have no abuse liability. They are more commonly employed and many are over-the-counter drugs.21 1.4.1: ACECLOFENAC Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, widely used in the management of osteoarthritis, ankylosing, rheumatoid arthritis and spondylitis. Usual therapeutic dose is 100 mg twice daily and half life is 3-4 hrs; thus it is necessary to be administered frequently in order to maintain the desired concentration. 1.4.2: MECHANISM OF ACTION Aceclofenac drug acts as non selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzyme(COX). It inhibits both cyclooxygenase-1(COX-1) and cyclooxygense-2 (COX-2) isoenzymes. COX catalyses the formation of prostaglandin and thromboxane from archidonic acid. Prostaglandins act like messenger molecules in the process of pain and inflammation. Aceclofenac also have antipyretic activity and be used in treatment of pyrexiya. The reason of fever is the elevation in the levels of PGE2. Aceclofenac inhibits the biosynthesis of PGE2 within the hypothalamus to reduce the fever. Archidonic acid is precursor substrate for COX which helps to lead the production of prostaglandins F, D and E.22 SECTION 1.5: MICROENCAPSULATION Microencapsulation is a rapidly expanding technology for the preparation of formulatios in which drug is present as core material covered by polymer. As a process, it is a means applying relatively a thin coating to small solid particles or liquids droplets and dispersions. Microencapsulation is arbitrarily differentiated from macro-coating techniques in that the farmer involves the coating of particles is in the range between several tenths of a micron to 5000 microns in size.23 Microencapsulation is process by which thin coating can be applied reproducibly to small solids particles or liquid droplets or dispersions or even gases are encapsulated into micro sonic particles. Particle size range dimensionally from 1 Â µm to 1000 Â µm.9 Particulate drug delivery system are gaining more prominence in recent years because they uniformly distribute in the GIT there by improve the bioavailability of the drugs and also reduces the local irritation. Due to attractive properties and wider applications of microparticles, their application in controlled release formulation is appropriate. Microencapsulation is a rapidly expanding technology. Microencapsulation helps in converting the liquids into the solids, altering colloidal and surface properties of formulation, in providing environmental and external protection and in controlling the release behaviour or availability of coated materials. 1.5.1: Applications of microencapsulation In the development and the design of controlled and sustained release dosage form. Alteration in site of absorption. To mask the taste of bitter drugs. To provide the protection to the core material from atmospheric effects. To minimize gastric and other GIT irritation. In the preparation of free flowing powder formulations from drugs in liquid forms. Stabilization of drugs which are sensitive to moisture, light or oxygen. In the elimination of incompatibilities among drugs. Prevention of volatile drugs from vaporization. Reduction of toxicity. To reduce hygroscopicity. Alteration in site of absorption. 1.5.2: MICROENCAPSULATION BY IONOTROPIC GELATION METHOD Alginates have ability to form gels by reaction with calcium salts. Alginic acid is composed of D-mannuronic acid and L-gluronic acid residues at varying proportions of GG-, MM- and MG- blocks. When suspension of alginate is added drop by drop to the solution of calcium salt, crosslinking takes place between the carboxylate residue of GG- blocks and Ca+2 ions via egg-box model to give a tight gel network structure. This method is called ionotropic gelation method because in this process the anion of alginate and cation of calcium salt (mostly Ca+2ion) crosslinked to form a gel. These gels resemble a solid retaining their shape, resisting stress and consist of almost 100% water. It has been suggested that the cross-links are caused by simple ionic bridging of two carboxyl groups on adjacent polymer chain via calcium ions or by chelating of single calcium ions by hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on each a pair of polymer chains.24 In this method strong spherical beads with a narrow range particle size distribution and lower friability could be prepared. Beads formed by this method have high yield and drug content. The flow properties of micronized of needle like drug crystals can be improved by the help of agglomeration technique as compared to the non-agglomerated drug crystals. The ionic character of the polymers results from pH dependent disintegration of the beads. SECTION 1.6: GEL BEADS Gel beads are defined as spherical structure in which drug is present in the core of beads. Different types of gel beads can be prepared by using various techniques. Gel beads help in the slow dissolution of drug hence slowdown the release of drug, thus results in improvement of bioavailability of drug. 1.6.1: APPLICATIONS GEL BEADS Stomach specific drug delivery using floating alginate gel beads A multiple unit type oral floating dosage form of many drug have been developed in recent years. Drugs like riboflavin, ranitidine, diclofenac sodium were formulated to prolong the gastric residence time and increase bioavailability. Colon targeting Beads of various drugs have been formulated and further coated with enteric polymers for colon targeting. Protein drug delivery In recent years many formulations have been prepared for protein drug molecules for site specific release of protein in the intestine. Microbeads as inoculants and carriers for plant growth-promoting bacteria Beads of various bacteria are developed in recent years to promote the growth of plants. The release of bacteria from the microbeads depends on its type (wet or dry) and the time of incubation (the longer the incubation time, the smaller the extent of bacteria released with time). Enzyme immobilization Enzymes are immobilized by formation ofdehydrated gel beads for use in non-aqueous enzymatic reactions by having an average particle size of 5 to 150 microns.

Perfect Competition

Perfect Competition In  economic theory,  perfect competition  describes markets such that no participants are large enough to have the  market power  to set the price of a homogeneous product. Because the conditions for perfect competition are strict, there are few if any perfectly competitive markets. Still, buyers and sellers in some  auction-type markets, say for  commodities  or some financial assets, may approximate the concept. Perfect competition serves as a benchmark against which to measure real-life and  imperfectly competitive  markets.Generally, a perfectly competitive market exists when every participant is a â€Å"price taker†, and no participant influences the price of the product it buys or sells. Specific characteristics may include: * Infinite buyers and sellers  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ An infinite number of consumers with the willingness and ability to buy the product at a certain price, and infinite producers with the willingness and ability to supp ly the product at a certain price. * Zero entry and exit barriers  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ A lack of entry and exit barriers makes it extremely easy to enter or exit a perfectly competitive market. Perfect factor mobility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ In the long run  factors of production  are perfectly mobile, allowing free long term adjustments to changing market conditions. * Perfect information  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ All consumers and producers are assumed to have perfect knowledge of price, utility, quality and production methods of products. * Zero transaction costs  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Buyers and sellers do not incur costs in making an exchange of goods in a perfectly competitive market. * Profit maximization  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Firms are assumed to sell where marginal costs meet marginal revenue, where the most profit is generated. Homogenous products  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The qualities and characteristics of a market good or service do not vary between different suppliers. * Non-increasing returns to scale  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The lack of increa sing returns to scale (or economies of scale) ensures that there will always be a sufficient number of firms in the industry. * Property rights  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Well defined property rights determine what may be sold, as well as what rights are conferred on the buyer. In the short run, perfectly-competitive markets are not  productively efficient  as output will not occur where marginal cost is equal to average cost (MC=AC).They are  allocatively efficient, as output will always occur where  marginal cost  is equal to  marginal revenue(MC=MR). In the long run, perfectly competitive markets are both allocatively and productively efficient. In perfect competition, any profit-maximizing producer faces a  market price  equal to its  marginal cost  (P=MC). This implies that a factor's price equals the factor's marginal revenue product. It allows for derivation of the supply curve on which the neoclassical approach is based. This is also the reason why â€Å"a monopoly doe s not have a supply curve†.The abandonment of price taking creates considerable difficulties for the demonstration of a general equilibrium except under other, very specific conditions such as that of monopolistic competition. By definition a perfectly competitive market is one in which no single firm has to influence either the equilibrium price of the market or the the total quantity supplied in the market. Thus, a firm operating in a competitive market has no incentive to supply at a price lower than market equilibrium price, as it can sell all it wants to supply at equilibrium.At the same time, the firm cannot sell at price higher than the market price, because it will be able find no buyers at that price, and its sales volume will drop down to zero. Thus, a firm operating in perfectly competitive market has to accept whatever is the market equilibrium price, and therefore it is called a price taker. In contrast, a monopoly firm is the only supplier in the market and there fore has full control over the market prices and total market supplies.Therefore, a firm operating in a monopoly market fixes its price in such a way that for the quantity demanded by customers at that market price the marginal revenue of the firm is equal to its marginal costs. In this way way it decides the market price as well as the total quantity if a commodity supplied in the market, and therefore it is called a price maker. Imperfect Competition In  economic theory,  imperfect competition  is the competitive situation in any market where the sellers in the market sell different/dissimilar of goods, (haterogenous) that does not meet the conditions of perfect competition.Forms of imperfect competition include: * Monopoly, in which there is only one seller of a good. * Oligopoly, in which there are few sellers of a good. * Monopolistic competition, in which there are many sellers producing highly differentiated goods. * Monopsony, in which there is only one buyer of a good . * Oligopsony, in which there are few buyers of a good. * Information asymmetry  when one competitor has the advantage of more or better information. There may also be imperfect competition due to a time lag in a market. An example is the â€Å"jobless recovery†.There are many growth opportunities available after a recession, but it takes time for employers to react, leading to high  unemployment. High unemployment decreases wages, which makes hiring more attractive, but it takes time for new jobs to be created. A type of  market that does not operate under the rigid rules of perfect competition. Perfect competition implies an industry or market in which no one supplier can influence prices, barriers to entry and exit are small, all suppliers offer the same goods, there are a large number of   suppliers and buyers, and information on pricing and process is readily available.Forms of imperfect competition include monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition, monopson y and oligopsony. Pure Competition Pure Competition  is a market situation where there is a large number of independent sellers offering identical products. Pure competition is a term for an industry where competition isstagnant and relatively non competitive. Companies within the pure competition category have little control of price or distribution of product. Advertising, market research, and product development play a very little role in these companies/industries.A  market  characterized by a large  number  of independent  sellers  of standardized  products, free  flow  of information, and  free entry  and  exit. Each seller is a â€Å"price taker† rather than a â€Å"price maker†. Also sometimes referred to as  perfect competition,  pure  competition  is a situation in which the market for a product is populated with so many consumers and producers that no one entity has the ability to influence the price of the product sufficien tly to cause a fluctuation.Within this type of market setting, sellers are considered to be price takers, indicating that they are not in a position to set the price for their products outside a certain range, given the fact that so many other producers are active within the market. At the same time, consumers have little influence over the prices offered by the producers, since there is no singular group of consumers that dominates the demand. In reality,  pure  competition  is more  theory  than actual fact.While there are rare situations in which a marketplace functions with  pure  competition  for a short period of time, the situation normally shifts as various factors change the stalemate created by a multiplicity of sellers and buyers. This is often due to the somewhat stringent set of factors that must be present in order for the  competition  to be considered perfect or  pure. There are several essential characteristics that define  pure  competitio n. One has to do with the balance of buyers to sellers.When there is an infinite number of buyers who are willing to purchase the products offered for sale by an infinite number of producers, at a certain price, the opportunity for anyone to take actions that shift the market price is extremely limited. The price remains more or less the same, and the same number of buyers purchase the products from the same range of producers. With  pure  competition, sellers can easily exit or enter the marketplace, without creating any undue influence on the price. Consumers continue to make purchases at the same rate, even if two companies leave the market and only one new one enters.The collective producers who are still in the market simply continue to produce enough products to meet consumer demand, without a shift in market price. Businesses engaged in a  pure  competition  market usually structure production so that they incur marginal costs at a level where they can earn the most profit. When the product line is homogeneous, this means the products produced are essentially the same as the product line produced by other  suppliers  in the marketplace. Assuming the costs are in line withmarginal revenue, the business can generate a consistent profit for as long as the condition of  pure  competition  is present in the market.